Abstract: At the end of 2020 the first vaccines against Covid-19 were approved, with many more in the development pipeline. Vaccine development seemed to reflect political rivalries reminiscent of the Cold War. World War I had stimulated intensive efforts to develop vaccines against typhus and typhoid which would save the lives of soldiers fighting in insanitary trenches. New scientific possibilities and active promotion of vaccination by the Federal government drew American pharmaceutical companies back into vaccine production. Historians have suggested...
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