Abstract: Introduction The modern Afro-Asian porcupines, the African cane-, mole- and dassie-rats, as well as the South American guinea pigs, chinchillas, capybaras, pacas, agoutis, etc., make up the natural group of the hystricognathous rodents (infra-order Hystricognathi Tullberg, 1899). The phylogenetic relationships between the hystricognaths from South America (caviomorphs (Caviomorpha Wood, 1955)) and Africa (phiomorphs (Phiomorpha sensu Lavocat, 1967; Thryonomyoidea sensu Wood, 1955)) are today well-supported by a body of anatomical (e.g. Wood, 19...
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