Abstract: Conventionally, a majority of the toxicological tests used to ensure that the safety of cosmetic products is evaluated properly involve the use of animals. Since March 11, 2013, however, the 7th Amendment to the European Union (EU) Cosmetics Directive has banned the sale in the EU of any cosmetic product that was itself tested or contains an ingredient that was tested using animals, thereby effectively banning the use of animals in the testing of cosmetics and their ingredients. At present, only a very few in vitro methods have been developed a...
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Risk analysis (engineering)