Abstract: This chapter introduces the state of the field in the historical climatology of the Middle Ages in Europe. This region and era witnessed significant human historical changes, as well as climatic phases identified as the Medieval Warm Period and the beginnings of the Little Ice Age. Starting with the work of Hubert H. Lamb and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie in the 1960s, the field has seen a continual extension and refinement of research. Historical climatologists of medieval Europe have drawn on both narrative and administrative sources, which have pr...
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