Authors: Bachér, John, Pohjalainen, Elina, Yli-Rantala, Boonen, Katrien, Nelen, Dirk

Venue: N/A

Type: Publication

Abstract: This ETC/WMGE report provides an analysis of environmental risks and impacts related to the critical raw materials (CRMs) in the following applications: magnets, batteries, alloys, mineral fertilizers and electronics. The report also presents an overview of CRMs and their potential substitution solutions in these applications. In addition, it examines the economic importance and future aspects related to the use of CRMs in these applications.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4423279 (Found 2 versions)