Abstract: This article examines three fourth-century homilies (by Gregory Nazianzen, John Chrysostom, and Augustine of Hippo) on the so-called Maccabean martyrs. It calls into question the scholarly commonplace that these homilies offer a case of Christian appropriation of Jewish martyrs and argues instead that a positive notion of Jewish martyrdom – that is, martyrdom for Christ before Christ – develops within the early Christian martyrological discourse expressly with the help of the Maccabean martyr figures.
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