Abstract: After the air attacks of September 11, 2001 the United States government decided to fortify all public government buildings and spaces of importance in Washington, D.C. that might be targets of future attacks. The first jurist to examine lex and ius in detail was named Gratian who taught canon law in Bologna. Gratian recognized two major elements of human law: ius and mos. He connected ius with natural law and lex with the Old and New Testaments. He joined traditions and named them not lex naturalis but ius naturale . Gratian and the jurists ha...
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