Abstract: This paper investigates the energy management of a roll-on/roll-off emission-free ship (RoRoEF-ship) that can carry passengers and vehicles. Fuel cells (FCs), energy storage systems (ESS), and cold-ironing (CI) are considered to be the energy resources of the ship. Moreover, the charging and discharging abilities of the electric vehicles (EVs) carried by the ship are used as an auxiliary source for managing the energy flow in the ship. In this paper we propose three cost-effective strategies to use EVs as a backup in the ship energy system base...
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Topics: 
Automotive engineering