Abstract: In vitro assays and computer models are promising alternatives for in vivo animal testing, but the power of these alternative methods to predict in vivo risk is still very limited. One step forward is to make the outcome of in vitro assays (such as median effect concentrations (EC50 values)) independent of assay conditions such as protein content. Here we show that measured free concentrations of chemicals in the in vitro assay medium result in system-independent EC50 values. We introduce a very simple method to measure free concentrations in m...
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Topics: 
Biological system
Biochemical engineering
Biophysics