Abstract: Fish have developed remarkable mechanisms for coping with life in water. The salinity/osmolarity of aquatic habitats can be quite variable. Fish have evolved mechanisms for maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis across a wide range of salinities. Marine teleosts, freshwater teleosts, and marine elasmobranchs all utilize different physiologic strategies for osmoregulation. Kidneys do play a role in osmoregulation, but overall, extrarenal mechanisms are equally if not more important sites for maintaining osmotic homeostasis. Extrarenal sit...
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Topics: 
Zoology
Ecology