Abstract: Abstract Buildings use approximately 48% of global energy each year in their construction and operation as embodied and operating energy. The embodied energy is used directly through onsite and offsite construction and related processes, and indirectly through the use of materials and equipment. The embodied energy used in a building's construction is called initial embodied energy (IEE), whereas the energy embodied in the recurring processes of maintenance, repair, and replacement is termed recurrent embodied energy (REE). To effectively optim...
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Topics: 
Architectural engineering