Abstract: Abstract Given their advantages in terms of low-cost and easy-operation, constructed wetlands (CWs) have been thoroughly studied and widely utilized in the treatment of various wastewaters. With the deteriorating environment leading to more stringent discharge standards, including the emphasis on effluent reuse, CW systems operating as standalone technologies are in some cases unable to meet the requirements of these new guidelines despite improvements in design and operational strategies and the utilization of intensified systems. This is the ...
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Topics: 
Risk analysis (engineering)
Systems engineering
Biochemical engineering