Abstract: During our daily life, we are exposed to a variety of chemical substances and products including cosmetics and their ingredients. When they are brought on the EU market, they must be safe for human health. This safety is traditionally guaranteed through quantitative risk assessment which is not only based on human exposure data, but in particular on testing results derived from experimental animals, assessing both local and whole organism systemic toxicity. For local and short-term toxicity, the development of 3R (Refinement, Reduction and Repl...
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Topics: 
Risk analysis (engineering)