Abstract: AbstractInflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) has shown markedly higher expression in degenerated human disc tissue compared with healthy controls. Anti‐inflammatory treatment targeting TNF‐α has shown to alleviate discogenic pain in patients with low back pain. Therefore, in vitro and ex vivo inflammatory models utilizing TNF‐α provide relevant experimental conditions for drug development in disc degeneratio...
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Topics: 
Pathology
Immunology